Abstract

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This study investigated the influence of polylactic acid (PLA), nanoclay, and glycerine as compatibilisers on the degradation properties of virgin and waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE), a primary material in polyethylene bag production. Virgin and waste LDPE, PLA, and nanoclay were sourced locally and compounded using a two-roll mill and compression moulding to fabricate bio-composite samples. The moulded specimens were prepared according to ASTM standards for mechanical and degradation testing, including tensile, flexural, hardness, impact, water absorption, and soil burial tests. Results demonstrated enhanced tensile, flexural, and hardness properties in the bio-composites compared to the control (100% virgin LDPE). The incorporation of PLA, nanoclay, and glycerine facilitated strong interfacial bonding between the matrix and fillers, improving mechanical performance, water absorption, and biodegradation in soil burial tests. However, increased filler content reduced impact strength due to the brittle nature of nanoclay and PLA. These findings highlight the potential of PLA and nanoclay to enhance the mechanical and degradation properties of LDPE-based bio-composites for sustainable applications.

Keywords: Low-density polyethylene, nanoclay, polylactic acid, glycerol, biodegradation, physico- mechanical properties