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A series of monoazo disperse dyes were synthesized using 4-amino-N-hexadecyl-1, 8-naphthalimide by coupling with different substituted electron rich arenes in appropriate reaction conditions. The synthesized diazo component and the dyes were purified by recrystallization method. The structures of the diazo component and the dyes were confirmed using UV-visible, FT-IR, NMR and MS spectroscopic techniques. Spectrophotometric investigations of the dyes in solvents of different polarities were carried out in order to obtain their absorption maxima, molar extinction coefficient and solvatochromic effects. These dyes were applied on polyester fabrics using High Temperature and High Pressure (HTHP) exhaust dyeing method. The dyeing characteristics such as build up on fabrics, wash, perspiration and light fastness were examined. The dyed fabric generally gave deep and bright hue ranging from light yellow, orange, maroon and neon red. The colour fastness of the dyed fabrics to washing and perspiration were examined to be very good, however, the light fastness was found to be fair to good.

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ABSTRACT In the interest of sustainable development and production of eco-friendly bio-composites, the use of natural fillers with synthetic resins in the production of composites has been the new trend in composite manufacture. In this study, calabash particles (CP) were used as filler in high density polyethylene (HDPE) to produce bio-composites. The calabash which was grinded and sieved into 125µm was introduced at 10% variation up to 50% filler loading followed by compounding and thereafter compression moulded. Two types of composites were prepared, in one, Maleic Anhydride (MA) as coupling agent was introduced at 3% on the weight of the filler together with an initiator Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) at 1% to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the CP and HDPE and in another no coupling agent was used. The result of tensile, flexural, impact strength hand tensile modulus shows increase from 0 to 40% filler loading of composites with coupling agent representing 21.61, 32.11, 63.16 and 42.97% increase respectively, but shows decreasing trend for composites without coupling agent with the exception of tensile modulus and hardness which increased from 0 to 50% filler loading representing 71.9% increase and 76.46% increase respectively. Also, SEM micrographs for the fractured surfaces show even dispersion of the filler particles in the composite with coupling agent and show signs of agglomeration for composites without coupling agent.

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The Industrial design in Nigeria is a potential and an agent for expanding various roles of industrial sectors in order to empower the youth that is skillful in Industrial Designs. This paper focuses on the industry (relatively low capital intensively low investment cost, that are able to use low skilled labour as a means that the industry is relatively footloose as well as able to adjust and to manage the market condition quickly as possible. It explains the manufacturing industries as the process of creating designs for mass production purposes in the industries. It further explains the uses of computer-aided design softwares for designing products as well as expressing design industries as agent of National development. It expresses in details the social aspect of Industrial design as well as the challenges facing industrial design in Nigeria which include Infrastructures and corruptions among others. Based on the above reasons, the paper focuses on expanding the roles of industrial design and likewise the attempts to begin the assessment of the impact of long-term policies on the design Industries as sectors that can employ on a largely supply of unskillful workers from formal and informal labour forces and proffers recommendations and conclusion.

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The service properties of selected made in Nigeria carpets have been investigated. Properties studied include; constructional details, fastness properties (wash fastness and light fastness), abrasion resistance, tuft withdrawal force, flammability test, static and dynamic loadings, electrostatic properties and soil retention properties. Assessment was carried out on those properties among the carpet samples and the results obtained shows that the density of the base materials, the characteristics of the pile yarns, the stitch density and the type of fibres used for the carpet as well as the type of finishing impacted on the carpet influenced the service properties of the carpet.

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A series of new mono azo dyes have been synthesized in moderate yield from diazotization of thiophene and coupling with R, H, J and ϒ acid. The dyes were characterized by spectral studies. The dyeing potentials were assessed by applying them on chrome tanned leather and nylon 6,6 substrates. The dyes were found to give shade of red dark blue and dark maroon .The synthesized dyes gave a maximum absorption within the UV- visible region with λmax515-597 nm and molar extinction coefficient ranging from (3.217-4.221 x 104 l/mol-1 cm -1) and the infra-red spectra showed peaks at 1582-1421cm1 (due to azo group (N=N) stretching vibration), at 3400 – 3200 cm-1 due to (OH&NH) medium & broad stretching vibration ), at 2830-26-95cm- 1 (due to aromatic group ( C-H) stretching vibration) , at 1760-1640 cm-1 (due to carbonyl group (C=O) stretching vibration), at 1342-1266 cm-1 (due to aromatic amine group (C-N) stretching vibration) and at 2260-2222 cm-1 ( due to nitrile ( C≡N ) stretching vibration). The dye exhibited good depth, affinity, levelling and brightness properties on the substrates. The dye gave a good percentage exhaustion on nylon 6.6 and on chrome tanned leather substrates ranging from (78-87%) and (63-75%) respectively. The chrome tanned leather gave a wash fastness rating ranging from (3 -5) good, very good to excellent respectively and nylon 6,6 gave a wash fastness rating ranging from (4-5) very good to excellent fastness properties and the light fastness properties of chrome tanned leather gave a fastness rating (4-7) moderate, good, very good and excellent and rubbing fastness rating (4-5) very good to excellent on both substrates. The good shades observed may be due to better substantivity on chrome tanned leather and nylon 6,6 fabrics

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This study was carried out to examine the involvement of Senior Secondary School Students on ICT related activities as well as the influence of ICT on their clothing culture. Two public and two private schools were randomly selected. Two hundred students completed the questionnaire. Relevant information was obtained using structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The respondents were equally distributed in terms of gender. Based on their perception of ICT on dress culture, 74.5% of the respondents agreed that frequent use of ICT has increased their level of fashion consciousness, while 60.5% were motivated by the images and dressing styles in magazines, on TV and the internet. The result further shows that male students were significantly more engaged in ICT related activities than females (t = 1.29, P<0.05), whereas there is no significant difference in the involvement in ICT activities between private and public school students (t = 0.325, P>0.05). The study adds to existing literature on the rationale for clothing selection and factors affecting such, one of which is ICT. Since ICT has influence on dressing, our traditional dress should be promoted on mass media

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The adsorption of reactive dye onto activated carbon obtained from cow bones was investigated. The effects of dye concentration and pH on the adsorption of the dye onto the activated carbon were similarly investigated. The optimum adsorption was obtained at dye concentration of 45 mg/L and pH 6 respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were employed to provide qualitative information on the capacity of the adsorbent as well as the nature of the solute-surface interaction. The correlation coefficient obtained for Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.6369) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.5823) indicates that Freundlich isothermal model is more fit for the adsorption process. By implication, the adsorption of Reactive Yellow FG onto the activated carbon can be referred to as a multilayer adsorption since the assumption of Freundlich’s equation is based on heterogeneous distribution of active sites.

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Composites were prepared from recycled low-density polyethylene (RLDPE) and cow hair using melt mixing and compression moulding technique. The fibres were treated with 0.2M H2O2 for improved adhesion. Composites of untreated and treated cow hair fibres were prepared with 0 to 50 wt% fibre loading at intervals of 10 wt% and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Results obtained show a remarkable increase in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites filled with H2O2 treated cow hair fibres. At 30% filler loading of the treated fibres the tensile strength improved from 7.45 MPa to 9.62 MPa. The Tensile Modulus increased from 4.4 MPa to 33.58 MPa at 40 % filler loading. The Flexural strength and flexural modulus markedly improved from 13.29 MPa to 24 MPa and from 67.44 MPa to 292.26 MPa respectively. SEM micrographs of the tensile fractured surfaces revealed enhanced fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion with the modified hair fibres.

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The dyeing properties of dyes synthesized from 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole (Dye 1) and 2-amino-4-methyl-5- carbathoxythiazole (Dye 2) on leather were studied. The effects of pH, temperature, dye concentration, dyeing time as well as rubbing and light fastness properties of the dyes were evaluated. Results obtained indicate that the dyes used were absorbed optimally at pH 3. It was found that increase in dyeing time increases percent exhaustion such that 60 % exhaustion in 20 min. was increased to 85-90 % in 40-60 min. The exhaustion of Dye 1 was 89.4 % at 50 oC while that of Dye 2 was 92 % at 65 oC. The dyeings showed very good fastness to rubbing and good fastness to light

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This research work produced a reusable diaper and compared its properties, especially absorbency with selected commercial disposable diapers in Nigeria market. The absorbency of two reputable commercial disposable diapers A and B in Nigeria were compared with the reusable diaper C. Absorbency test was carried out in action and also in a saline solution. The result shows that all the diapers have good absorbency. Diaper A has the highest absorbency of see fig.1 which was closely followed by diaper B with 86.00% while diaper C has absorbency of see Fig.1. Though diaper C has see fig.1 percentage absorbance, it is relatively close to those of A and B, thus, compares favourably given that it is not a onetime use diaper. The dimensional stability of the reusable diaper C was found to be excellent with no obvious shrinkage after three washes. Again, from the economic view point, the reusable diaper is cheaper on the long run when the cost of its production was compared to the prevailing market price of all the commercial disposable diapers

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Pristine Multiwalled Carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were dispersed in two selected surfactants and their mixture using a probe sonicator at room temperature. The results presented in this article apply only to the short-length MWNT. The dispersions achieved generally ranged from very poor to average. In the average category, the solvents ranked o-Dichloro benzene > Dimethyl formamide > Tetrahydrofuran. The surfactants and one of the mixtures performed better than average with Sodium lauroamphoacetate (Miranol) > Cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) > Miranol/CPC mixture (50:50). The higher the aspect ratio, the more difficult they are to disperse; the shorter the nanotubes, the better and more uniform the dispersion obtained. Miranol was then applied (dyed) on Polyester fabrics and various chroma Characteristics obtained.

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This study was aimed at investigating the effects of filler particle size on mechanical properties of waste polypropylene (wPP) / date seed particles (DSP) composites. Filler particle size of 63, 125, 250, 500 and 750 µm were used at 20 % filler loading. The composites obtained were subjected to mechanical tests (tensile and flexural test, impact test and hardness HV) and the morphological analysis was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile, flexural and impact strength and elongation at break were observed to decrease with increase in filler particle size, while tensile modulus, flexural modulus and hardness (HV) increased with increase in filler particle size. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile fractured surfaces revealed a better particles distribution at 63 µm than 250 µm and 750 µm where agglomerations and interfacial gaps were observed